Rationalization of Antibiotic Prescription: Modulation of the Gut Microbiome and Possibilities of Minimizing the Risks for the Development of Antibiotic Resistance—A Narrative Review

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious global health issue, and it is greatly influenced by the gut flora. The rationalization of antimicrobial doses in clinical studies is crucial for preventing AMR. This review analyzes how rationalization tactics affect AMR and gut microbiota in clinical studies. Studies that provided data on the use of antibiotics, AMR, or gastrointestinal microbiota were taken into account for the current review. The AMR rate was found to be low when healthy gut flora was maintained using various antibiotic rationalization techniques, such as limited use of antibiotics or targeted treatments. However, the effectiveness of these strategies differed based on the particular intervention, the research population, and the length of the course of therapy. The rationalization of antibiotic prescriptions in clinical research is one potential method for reducing the prevalence of AMR by maintaining the gut flora. Rationalization techniques may help lower AMR rates and foster the development of good intestinal flora. This review describes various antibiotic rationalization techniques and the importance of maintaining healthy microbial flora to minimize AMR-associated health issues.