Neuroprotective role of naringenin on carbaryl induced neurotoxicity in mouse neuroblastoma cells

Objective: Neuroprotective effect of naringenin against carbaryl toxicity was studied in mouse neuroblastoma cell line. Materials and Methods: Mouse neuroblastoma cells (Neuro 2A) obtained from National Center for Cell Sciences, Pune, India were either exposed to carbaryl or pre‑treated with naringenin (a flavonoid prepared from grape fruit) before their exposure to carbaryl. Results were analyzed using MTT [3‑4,5‑Dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenltetrazolium bromide] assay for cell viability, FACS (fluorescence assisted cell sorting) analysis for apoptotic and necrotic cell populations, DCFH‑DA (2`,7`‑dichlorofluorescin‑diacetate) assay for Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) visualization, JC‑1 staining for determining mitochondrial membrane potential and real‑time PCR for quantifying pro and anti‑apoptotic gene expression. Results: Exposure to naringenin resulted in better survival of Neuro 2A cells which were subsequently subjected to carbaryl toxicity. Treatment with naringenin was found to reduce the oxidative stress by decreasing the ROS and was found to maintain the integrity of mitochondrial membrane potential. It was also found to downregulate pro‑apoptotic genes (BAX and Caspase‑3) while upregulating anti‑apototic gene (Bcl2). Conclusion: The results of this pilot study underline the potential of naringenin in treating carbaryl induced neurotoxicity and further studies are warranted to establish the effect of naringenin in vivo conditions.