Hybrid Therapy versus Sequential Therapy for Eradication of Helicobacter pylori: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: To compare the sequential therapy (ST) with the hybrid therapy (HT) for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Materials and Methods: Patients with peptic ulcer disease and gastritis found to be H. pylori positive were randomized to HT group who received omeprazole (20 mg bid) and amoxicillin (1 g bid) for 7 days followed by omeprazole (20 mg bid), amoxicillin (1 g bid), clarithromycin (500 mg bid), and metronidazole (400 mg tid) for the next 7 days and ST group who received omeprazole and amoxicillin for 5 days followed by omeprazole, clarithromycin, and metronidazole for the next 5 days. Eradication rate, compliance, and complications were compared. Results: A total of 120 patients were included, sixty in each group. H. pylori eradication rate was significantly higher in HT group on intention‑to‑treat analysis (88.3% [confidence interval (CI) 78.3%–94.8%] vs. 73.3% [CI 61.1%–83.3%]; P = 0.037). Per‑protocol analysis showed higher eradication rate with HT (93% [CI 83.9%–93.7%] vs. 81.5% [CI 69.5%–90.2%]; P = 0.068); however, the difference was insignificant. Compliance and side effects were similar. A complete course of HT costs $10.77, while ST costs only $6.347. Conclusions: HT achieves significantly higher H. pylori eradication rate than ST with comparable patient compliance and side effects but at an higher price. However, it can be used in places where ST is ineffective.